Monday 14 January 2013

One thing leads to another - Rikusho Kanji Categorisation System

As I looked up the other kanji for たのしみin my electronic dictionary (I have 漢字源 改訂新版 on my rather out of date Canon Wordtank V35 but hey, it was a gift and its still more or less functional for my requirements and 漢字源(Kanjigen) seems a pretty adequate resource for the standard run of Joyo Kanji and a bit more) I noted in the analysis 解字(kaiji) description for 愉しみ the kanji was described as a 会意兼形声(kaii ken keisei) type which is Composite and Sound/Meaning Categories. This lead me to wonder what the other categories were and where the category system came from and I culled this from the intertubes and translated it:

 

   Type
 種類
                             Description
          説明
          Example
    例

Derived from Construction

作り方から

Pictogram
象形文字

These characters represent actual objects, shapes of things. They are the basic building blocks of kanji construction

日、人、子

Ideogram/Simple Indicatives
指示文字

Non-representational diagrammatic signs, not based purely on shape, indicating more complex items, abstract ideas and objects.

上、天、本

Compound Indicatives
会意文字

Composite characters based on a combination of two or more characters to convey a new or more complex meaning

比 (2 people
看、(hand + eye

Phono-semantic
形声文字

Combination of a character representing the sound and a character representing the meaning. This type accounts for over 80% of Kanji

(水+可)
江、固、枯、姑

Derived from Use
使い方から

Derived Characters
転注文字

Extending the primary meaning of  a kanji to develop its use, giving it a new application

楽(ガク)(音楽)楽しい楽(ラク)(娯楽)

Phonetic 'loan' characters
仮借文字

Borrowing the sound of the kanji to represent a word unconnected with its original meaning

亜米利加、卑弥呼、巴里、合羽

































Note:  The system known as ‘Rikusho’is based on the system of categorization of 9353 Kanji description entries into four categories of derivation by construction and two categories derived from use (see above) compiled in a book known as the Shuowen Jiezi (J. Setsumonkaiji) 設文解字 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuowen_Jiezi , a Chinese character dictionary (possibly one of the earliest known comprehensive dictionary of Chinese characters in the sinosphere) compiled in the late Han (aka. Western Han) Era c. 120 CE

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